“Drugs Take You To Hell Disguised As Heaven” 8 Simple Words

â€Å"Drugs take you to hell disguised as heaven† 8 simple words but they mean much more, drug therapist ,Donald Lynn Frost, said this. He’s talking about how the drugs have a person feeling like they’re in heaven, but they are really just putting deeper into a own personal hell. The people of the 70’s know this feeling, in their society drugs were everywhere were a normal part of life. The 70’s culture was something that dealt with rights, rebellion, and particularly women’s rights. Women’s rights were growing, advancing, and changing; instead of staying at home women were now in the workplace. In the workplace is where women’s rights came into play and they were fighting for things such as equal salary, equal job rank, and many more. While†¦show more content†¦He then revealed to everybody else this drug and encourage people to use it, declaring it could make them smarter, feel on top of the world, and better than ever before. Nobody knew the negative effects of drugs which is why they were so popular. Because nobody knew about the negative effects and only cared about having a good time, drugs came out everywhere in society. The media was a huge part, global superstars such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, and Jimi Hendrix, all did drugs. People publicly knew about the drug use and simply did not care, because they did it everyone else believed it was okay to do them (Hanson 54). However after Elvis died in 1977 due to drug use, people soon began to open their eyes to the negatives. Teenagers were another influencer of drugs, they pushed these drugs on other teens. If one person did them the next would try it and so on, only because that is what they saw and it was looked upon as cool. If a student went out everyday after school and smoked marijuana he/she was cool, if the same student or someone else knew how to get heroin they were cool. The parents were the final people who pushed drugs, if the kids/teenagers see their parents doing drugs, once again it is seen as okay to do them . Studies have shown that if the child watches the parent do things theyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesabout fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its dead wrong. War at least has some organization to it. What was faced in the last days... by last days I mean the last days of civilization not life; itself. What was faced was hell. Everyone went ape shit insane. Everyone was killing and raping each other into oblivion, because we were under attack by creatures thatRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesAttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposesRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pages2009 658.800973—dc22 2008040282 ISBN-13 978-0-470-16981-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE Welcome to the 30th anniversary of Marketing Mistakes and Successes with this 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. TheRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pages14_Hanson_3ed_SB_3869_TXT.indd 441 8/29/07 1:09:33 PM 442 INTRODUCTION A SUMMARY OF THE CASE ANALYSIS PROCESS Case analysis is an essential part of a strategic management course and is also perhaps the most entertaining part of such a course. The ‘full story’ that follows this summary gives you considerable detail about how to go about a case analysis, but for now here is a brief account. Before we start, a word about attitude – make it a real exercise. You have a set of historical facts;

Consensual and Conflict Model of the Justice System free essay sample

The Consensus Model of Criminal Justice is a criminal Justice perspective that assumes that the systems components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call Justice. The other model,the Conflict Model, is a criminal Justice perspective that assumes that the systems components function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical framework, Justice is more a product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is the result of cooperation among component agencies. Both of these models or beliefs, are evident in everyday of our society, whether found by watching the evening news, or spending the day in the courtroom The Consensus Model, summing up the quoted ext above from this weeks reading, is simply put the full cooperation and collaboration of all agencies stages of our Justice System and Government, providing a smooth, predictable, fair, and efficient experience for all. However this does not happen all the time, but unique examples of this model being utilized can perhaps be found after the 11 September 2001 attacks on our country. We will write a custom essay sample on Consensual and Conflict Model of the Justice System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shortly after, with the development of the Department of Homeland Security, agencies coordinated and centralized Information and Intelligence, In achieving one common goal. The Conflict Model, summarized, Is the basic concept that the Justice System Is not as fair as theorized, and law enforcement agencies act more over by their goals rather than that of the common Interest of the people In which they protect. An example of this model, which was found In Chapter 1 of this weeks reading, was when a law enforcement agency detained a suspected burglar.Once this Individual was found to have committed this robbery, police asked him to confess to a string of other burglaries, over 400, and In return the District Attorney and Detectives would go to bat for him per-say and speak on his favor In pursuit of a lighter sentence. This example shows the agencies desire to lower unsolved crime rates, perhaps a goal of the new administration, maybe stated as a political strategy. These two models are similar and yet different. The Consensus and Conflict Model both have the ultimate goal of solving crimes, and serving their constituents.Where they differ though Is pretty much their defining presence In todays systems, and our Justice System Interchanges everyday with the use of these models. Issues with the consensus model would definitely be all the channels that would have to be gone through with cooperation of law enforcement agencies. There are too many places to mess up when you Increase the size of a group. With the conflict model, the biggest Issue with that would be the assumption and possibly the premise that the goals of the agency would be more Important that the people and Issues the people they protect face every day.Consensual and Conflict Model of the Justice System By Predominant internalized information and intelligence, in achieving one common goal. The Conflict Model, summarized, is the basic concept that the Justice System is not as fair as that of the common interest of the people in which they protect. An example of this model, which was found in Chapter 1 of this weeks reading, was when a law enforcement agency detained a suspected burglar. Once this individual was found to burglaries, over 400, and in return the District Attorney and Detectives would go to bat for him per-say and speak on his favor in pursuit of a lighter sentence.

Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems Essay Example

Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems Essay I. PEPSI CORPORATION HISTORY The Pepsi-Cola story began in a drugstore in New Bern, North Carolina, USA in 1896. Caleb Davis Bradham, a pharmacist, owned a drugstore named Bradham Drug Company in downtown New Bern. Like many of the drug stores at the time, Bradham’s store also housed a soda fountain. Here, Bradham offered his own soda concoctions which attracted most of the small-town folks. On August 28, 1898, Bradham invented a new recipe, blending kola nut extract, vanilla and â€Å"rare oils. This soda drink, initially known as Brad’s Drink, gathered so much popularity not only for its delicious and refreshing taste but people believed it helped them by aiding digestion and boosting their energy. Bradham likened the effect to digestion to the enzyme pepsin, even though it was not used as an ingredient. By combining the terms pepsin and cola, Bradham renamed his recipe Pepsi-Cola. Pepsi’s early growth was less significant than that of Cokes, and its real stre ngth as a competitor to Coke began after became CEO in 1950, a time when Pepsi was nearly bankrupt. Bradham was expected to liquidate the Pepsi-Cola Co. Instead, he made it his goal to beat Coke (, 2003). Pepsi spread to Canada in 1906, and the year after that, it was registered in Mexico. By 1908, Pepsi had upgraded their transportation delivery services from horse-drawn carts to automobiles. Pepsi seemed to be becoming successful in such a short time. But there is still a problem. By the time Pepsi Cola came out, Coke had already made its mark among the public and the newcomer Pepsi found it hard to find a consumer base. In the 1920’s, the company released the ad Drink Pepsi. It will satisfy you. However, despite industrious efforts, the Pepsi Company still fell into bankruptcy due to the fall of the sugar market. After seventeen years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during W. W. I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise but they fell instead leaving Caleb Bradham with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It suffered several years of losses before it was sold to Loft Inc. , a giant candy company. Loft was what Pepsi was waiting for. The company began to regain its former success. 1936 saw the formation of Pepsi Limited of London, and in 1938, the Pepsi logo was trademarked in the Soviet Union. The company sold the drink in 12 oz. bottles and launched the advertising campaign of Twice as Much for a Nickel. In 1993, Pepsi-Cola found itself in a crisis situation when a man in Tacoma, Washington claimed he had found a syringe inside a can of Diet Pepsi. Soon after the story hit the news, claims surfaced all over the country. People claimed to find objects from bullets to crack cocaine vials. Pepsi-Cola knew that the foreign objects had been inserted by people outside the company who had tampered with the product. Pepsi-Cola decided to use a defensive strategy, claiming its innocence in the matter. Proving the company’s innocence would be pivotal in protecting further damage to Pepsi-Cola’s brand name. Pepsi employed a variety of strategies to deal with the problem. PepsiCos India operations were met with substantial resistance in 2003 and again in 2006, when an environmental organization in New Delhi made the claim that, based on its research, it believed that the levels of pesticides in PepsiCo (along with those from rival Coca-Cola Company), exceeded a set of proposed safety standards on soft drink ingredients that had been developed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. PepsiCos usage of water was the subject of controversy in India in the early and mid 2000s in part because of the companys alleged impact on water usage in a country where water shortages are a perennial issue. In this setting, PepsiCo was perceived by India-based environmental organizations as a company that diverted water to manufacture a discretionary product, making it a target for critics at the time. Pepsi-Cola came to the Philippines through John Clarkin, a native of Minnesota, USA, who came with the American forces at the close of World War II. On October 16, 1946, Clarkin acquired a franchise to bottle Pepsi in the Philippines. He consequently founded the Pepsi-Cola Bottling Company of the Philippine Islands Ltd. and became its president and general manager. As of January 2012, 22 of PepsiCos product lines generated retail sales of more than $1 billion each,and the companys products were distributed across more than 200 countries, resulting in annual net revenues of $43. 3 billion. Based on net revenue, PepsiCo is the second largest food beverage business in the world. Within North America, PepsiCo is ranked (by net revenue) as the largest food and beverage business. II. MAJOR PROBLEMS 1. COMPETITORS â€Å"Pepsi’s early growth was less significant than that of Cokes, and its real strength as a competitor to Coke began after someone became CEO in 1950, a time when Pepsi was nearly bankrupt. Bradham was expected to liquidate the Pepsi-Cola Co. Instead, he made it his goal to beat Coke (, 2003). Pepsi spread to Canada in 1906, and the year after that, it was registered in Mexico. By 1908, Pepsi had upgraded their transportation delivery services from horse-drawn carts to automobiles. Pepsi seemed to be becoming successful in such a short time. But there is still a problem. By the time Pepsi Cola came out, Coke had already made its mark among the public and the newcomer Pepsi found it hard to find a consumer base. 2. FINANCIAL PROBLEM/BANKRUPTCY â€Å"In the 1920’s, the company released the ad Drink Pepsi. It will satisfy you. However, despite industrious efforts, the Pepsi Company still fell into bankruptcy due to the fall of the sugar market. After seventeen years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during W. W. I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise but they fell instead leaving Caleb Bradh am with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. 3. PUBLIC RELATIONS CRISIS â€Å"In 1993, Pepsi-Cola found itself in a crisis situation when a man in Tacoma, Washington claimed he had found a syringe inside a can of Diet Pepsi. Soon after the story hit the news, claims surfaced all over the country. People claimed to find objects from bullets to crack cocaine vials. Pepsi-Cola knew that the foreign objects had been inserted by people outside the company who had tampered with the product. Pepsi-Cola decided to use a defensive strategy, claiming its innocence in the matter. Proving the company’s innocence would be pivotal in protecting further damage to Pepsi-Cola’s brand name. Pepsi employed a variety of strategies to deal with the problem. † 4. SAFETY STANDARDS â€Å"PepsiCos India operations were met with substantial resistance in 2003 and again in 2006, when an environmental organization in New Delhi made the claim that, based on its research, it believed that the levels of pesticides in PepsiCo (along with those from rival Coca-Cola Company), exceeded a set of proposed safety standards on soft drink ingredients that had been developed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. 5. WATER USAGE â€Å"PepsiCos usage of water was the subject of controversy in India in the early and mid 2000s in part because of the companys alleged impact on water usage in a country where water shortages are a perennial issue. In this setting, PepsiCo was perceived by India-based environmental organizations as a company that diverted water to manufacture a discretionary product, making it a target for critics at the time. †

Management Accounting Report of Emirates Airlines

Management Accounting Report of Emirates Airlines Introduction Accounting information is important to both external and internal users. Management uses the information for decision making. With appropriate information, companies make decisions which increase company’s competitiveness.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Management Accounting Report of Emirates Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Management accountants are responsible of advising an organization’s top management and policy makers on matters regarding finances to ensure there are effectiveness, efficiency and optimal use of resources. Airline industry, in the United States of America and the world is general, is highly competitive. There is an increased innovation of services and equipments. Customer needs have also changed. Emirates Airline company (mostly referred just as Emirates) is an international company which require decisions responsive to airline market today (Horngren, Srikant George, 2006). This paper looks into how management accounting can supply information for decision making. It will not get into deep analysis of the accounts but will touch on the important areas that management accountants have assisted the company. History of Emirate limited Emirate is the national carrier of Dubai, United States Emirates. It is rapidly diversifying to other countries and has over 100 destinations in over 60 countries. It is a sub-subsidiary of Dubai Investment Company, through The Emirates Group. Its head quarters are in Dubai. The company was incorporated in the year 1985 as an international flight company and made its first flight from DubaiKarachi on 25 October 1985. The company picked quite rapidly and in 1987, it had managed to secure eleven destinations. According to the company’s financial statement 2010, the company had a total of 36,652 employees distributed in different countries. The accounts also reported that in the year 2009/ 2010, t he load cargo increased by 12.2% to 1,580,000. Emirates face high competition from Virgin Atlantic, Qatar airways and Ethiopian Airways. In pricing its products, the company has three classes of passengers; business class, execute class and economy class. Economy class is the cheapest and execute class most expensive. The pricing depend on the services offered in a certain class and the level of comfort.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Policies are made after consultation with major parties likely to be affected by a certain policy. Parties consulted range from employees to competitor. Current top policy makers are, Maurice Flanagan (Executive Vice-Chairman), Tim Clark as the company’s President. The chief executive officer is Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum (Emirates Airlines Company Corporate Website, 2010). Emirates Management accounting Financial and mon etary resources are limited. They require to be managed properly. It’s the mandate of management accountants to assists in managing such resources. Financial management is the major task of management accountants. They are mandated with the task of ensuring that financial decisions are made efficiently and timely for the benefit of the company. Financial management has two aspects; managing working capital and long-term financial decisions management. When a company’s working capital is well managed, it’s able to fulfill its short term financial obligations when they fall due. Long-term financial management is important to give a company a clear future goals attainment strategies and pathways. There is always a number of ventures that a business can make; however there is the best alternative, it is the management accountant which should advise on such issues. For example, management accountants should advise whether the company should invest in government bonds and bills which are certain and risk free but with low rate of return or invest in volatile shares which have a likelihood of offering high returns in the future but are highly risky. The decision of how to distribute the available fund can only be made more efficiently by the assistance of management accountant (Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). Information contained in financial information is a summary of operations that have taking place in an organization. They cover a certain period of time. The main aim of a business is to make profits. Whether the company has a profit or a loss is shown by financial accounts.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Management Accounting Report of Emirates Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the company is making a loss, it’s an alarm call to the management. Emirates, makes its end year accounts on 31st March. When the accounts are made they are discussed internally as well released to the public for their use by external users like shareholders. There are number of investments that the Emirates Airline Company is embarking on. They can be divided into human development (service investments) and infrastructure investments. Before a certain decision is made, management accountants must be involved. They are supposed to give information about the viability of a certain investment. When they are doing so they consider the returns likely to be received from an investment. When emirates want to make a merger or an acquisition, management accountant are involved in collecting of data and analyzing the prevailing condition to ensure that they make mergers with companies which will assist it attain its goals and objectives. When making airline mergers, the department looks into the countries that the other company can fly to. A merger should not be made to companies which fly the same route with Emirates. This information are fetched and provided by the management accountants. Acquisition is a tricky engagement; a company should calculate well. This is in determining the cost of acquisition to ensure that the company does not buy a company more expensive than it is actually worth. In modern businesses, there is an increase in social corporate accounting. This is where businesses are made accountable of their activities. What to invest in and how much to invest is a decision that management accountant of Emirate assists the company in. The department is responsible of going out, interacting with the people and recognizing need in the society that the company can assist (Dury, 2006). Different techniques in management accounting Budgeting Emirate management accountants are used in budgeting. Budgeting is making future financial decisions/plans; it uses past and current data of a business. It is a financial management tool that is crucial to ensure that the policy of going on concept in a business is adhered to. It lays a framework th at a company can work with in the future. Emirates management accountants analyzes past performance, present performance and predict the future operations. This assists the company to predict the future needs and make a budget.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internal control Internal controls are check and balances in an organization aimed at maintaining integrity in the company’s process. It ensures that funds are not misappropriated and are managed for the good of the organization. This ensures that a company has better fund management. Management accountants are responsible of maintaining good working internal controls. Internal controls also assists external auditor in compiling their report. Working capital control Credit is almost inevitable in a company; there are debtors and creditors which the management must monitor and ensure they are operating well. In case of creditors, the company management accountant has the mandate of ensuring that creditors are paid according to the credit agreement. They should be paid in good time to create good relations with suppliers. With good relations, the company supply chain management is facilitated. In the case of debtors, the duration that they should keep the companies money should be stipulated by management accountants. Debtors are current assets which the business need to manage. Well managed debtor management system assists a company gets funds it requires for short term obligations. There are different sources of capital in an organization. They are generally divided into borrowed capital and owner’s capital. The choice of the financing method to adopt should be made with the assistance of management accountants. In Emirate, management accountants have the mandate of analyzing the available options of financing which include issuance of more share capital, taking a bank loan or selling some of its properties. Key management Accounting techniques recommended for Emirates Other than maintaining a robust management accounting system, the company should not ignore the need for knowledge management and business information tools as an addition of existing management accounting tools. When this information is made available in the company, it will assis t in making better and timely decisions. The quality and timeliness of a decision determines the competitive of a company. For example, there has been a move to low cost planes alongside the use of Jumbo planes. When the company maintains a pool of information on the market trends, it will be able to make decisions that are timely regarding what point they should engage in low cost planes and which routes should they use Jumbo planes. When a company maintains a rich knowledge and nurtures its intellectual assets, it gets a chance to orient and train new staffs more effectively. For example engineers maintained in the firm can use their pool of knowledge to show new employees on mechanical issues they can expect from a certain plane and how to handle it. Another example is in service delivery. Experienced hostesses are able to handle hostile passengers more effectively and thus the general service of the company increases (Weetman, 2010). Justification Knowledge management and busine ss intelligent strategies are new management methods which can offer supporting information to management accountants for better decisions. They will assist Emirates in overall improvement of its financial structure. Strength and weaknesses of the analysis The analysis was based on end year financial statements and notes to account. They are a summary of processes in Emirate Airline Company and thus when considered a total analysis of the company’s performance is undertaken. The weakness with this approach is that management accounting covers more than just the end year financial statements. For a deeper analysis, the research would have required the following; A framework of internal processes Working capital management structure Daily, weekly and monthly sales values The rate of management accountants staffs turn over Qualifications of management accountants. Branch accounts and Long-term liabilities agreements With the above a better analysis would have been made (Anthon y, Hawkins Merchant, 1999) Conclusion Management accounting offers crucial information for decision making. In Emirate, one of the world’s largest airline companies, management accountants are involved in almost all financial decisions to ensure that the company is effectively managed. The success of the company can be attributed to their team of management accountants. They however need to adopt knowledge and business intelligence tools in their accounting system. Reference list Anthony, R., Hawkins, D. Merchant, K. 1999 Accounting: text and cases. 10 the ed. Boston. McGraw Hill. Dury C. 2006. Management Accounting for business. London. Thomson Learning Emirates Airlines Company Corporate Website. 2010. Horngren, T., Srikant M., and George F.2006. Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis. Boston, MA. Pearson Prentice Hall. Sullivan, A. and Sheffrin, S. 2003. Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey/ Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 502. ISBN 0-13-063085-3 We etman, P. 2010. Financial and Management Accounting. New York.Wiley. ISBN13: 9780273718413

Financial Panics of the 19th Century

Financial Panics of the 19th Century The Great Depression of the 1930s was called great for a reason. It followed a long series of depressions which afflicted the American economy throughout the 19th century. Crop failures, drops in cotton prices, reckless railroad speculation, and sudden plunges in the stock market all came together at various times to send the growing American economy into chaos. The effects were often brutal, with millions of Americans losing jobs, farmers being forced off their land, and railroads, banks, and other businesses going under for good. Here are the basic facts on the major financial panics of the 19th century. Panic of 1819 The first major American depression, the Panic of 1819 was rooted to some extent in economic problems reaching back to the war of 1812.It was triggered by a collapse in cotton prices. A contraction in credit coincided with the problems in the cotton market, and the young American economy was severely affected.Banks were forced to call in loans, and foreclosures of farms and bank failures resulted.The Panic of 1819 lasted until 1821.The effects were felt most in the west and south. Bitterness about the economic hardships resonated for years and led to the resentment that helped Andrew Jackson solidify his political base throughout the 1820s.Besides exacerbating sectional animosity, the Panic of 1819 also made many Americans realize the importance of politics and government policy in their lives. Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 was triggered by a combination of factors including the failure of a wheat crop, a collapse in cotton prices, economic problems in Britain, rapid speculation in land, and problems resulting from the variety of currency in circulation.It was the second-longest American depression, with effects lasting roughly six years, until 1843.The panic had a devastating impact. A number of brokerage firms in New York failed, and at least one New York City bank president committed suicide. As the effect rippled across the nation, a number of state-chartered banks also failed. The nascent labor union movement was effectively stopped, as the price of labor plummeted.The depression caused the collapse of real estate prices. The price of food also collapsed, which was ruinous to farmers and planters who couldn’t get a decent price for their crops. People who lived through the depression following 1837 told stories that would be echoed a century later during The Great Depressio n.The aftermath of the panic of 1837 led to Martin Van Buren’s failure to secure a second term in the election of 1840. Many blamed the economic hardships on the policies of Andrew Jackson, and Van Buren, who had been Jackson’s vice president, paid the political price. Panic of 1857 The Panic of 1857 was triggered by the failure of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company, which actually did much of its business as a bank headquartered in New York City. Reckless speculation in railroads led the company into trouble, and the company’s collapse led to a literal panic in the financial district, as crowds of frantic investors clogged the streets around Wall Street.Stock prices plummeted, and more than 900 mercantile firms in New York had to cease operation. By the end of the year the American economy was a shambles.One victim of the Panic of 1857 was a future Civil War hero and US president, Ulysses S. Grant, who was bankrupted and had to pawn his gold watch to buy Christmas presents.Recovery from the depression began in early 1859. Panic of 1873 The investment firm of Jay Cooke and Company went bankrupt in September 1873 as a result of rampant speculation in railroads. The stock market dropped sharply and caused numerous businesses to fail.The depression caused approximately three million Americans to lose their jobs.The collapse in food prices impacted Americas farm economy, causing great poverty in rural America.The depression lasted for five years, until 1878.The Panic of 1873 led to a populist movement that saw the creation of the Greenback Party. The industrialist Peter Cooper ran for president on the Greenback Party ticket in 1876, but was unsuccessful. Panic of 1893 The depression set off by the Panic of 1893 was the greatest depression America had known, and was only surpassed by the Great Depression of the 1930s.In early May 1893 the New York stock market dropped sharply, and in late June panic selling caused the stock market to crash.A severe credit crisis resulted, and more than 16,000 businesses had failed by the end of 1893. Included in the failed businesses were 156 railroads and nearly 500 banks.Unemployment spread until one in six American men lost their jobs.The depression inspired Coxeys Army, a march on Washington of unemployed men. The protesters demanded that the government provide public works jobs. Their leader, Jacob Coxey, was imprisoned for 20 days.The depression caused by the Panic of 1893 lasted for about four years, ending in 1897. Legacy of 19th Century Financial Panics The economic problems of the 19th century periodically caused pain and misery and it often seemed that the federal and state governments were powerless to do anything. The rise of the progressive movement was, in many ways, a reaction to earlier financial panics. In the first decades of the 20th century financial reforms made economic collapses less likely, yet the Great Depression showed that the problems could not be easily avoided.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Project management - Essay Example This research shows that the project had clear goals but unclear requirements and the frequent changes required rescheduling and resulted in budget overruns. Although the project had budget overruns, it however met the desired outcomes. This study has shown that the key elements of project management are critically important in meeting the objectives and goals of project and giving the desired outcomes. Project management is an art and a science that involves organizing, securing, planning and managing of resources with an aim to accomplish specified goals. A project can be defined as a short-term or temporary endeavor whose beginning and the end is clearly defined. Project management plays a significant role in facilitating execution of projects such as new software development, installation of new hardware or building a facility. As mentioned by Wessels, project management helps in selecting, managing and supporting of projects that are of significant importance in accomplishment o f an organization’s objectives, making it vibrant at marketplace and maximizing shareholders wealth. In an organization set up, various divisions and departments compete for scarce human and financial resources; project management plays an important role in rational decision framework enabling people to make the appropriate project investment decisions. Project management plays a critical role in management of outcomes mainly the cost, time and performance of the project. Projects are selected based on cost and benefit analysis where their return on investment is evaluated against cost of implementation. Role of project manager According to Lewis (2004, p. 19), project manager has the total responsibility to ensure that all project details are handled properly, this requires them to be highly proactive and not reactive. Project manager should follow up on things ordered or scheduled ensuring that things like requisition and purchasing are effectively running, project manager helps in project planning, controlling, monitoring and organization of project resources. Project manager plays a significant role in giving a project economic approach by determining its (ROI) return on investment. Project manager is also responsible for project risk management; he must identify risks, monitor and design effective response. He is also responsible for project reporting to the management of the organization. Key elements in project management Key elements in project management include managing and controlling project scope through clearly established aims, objectives and goals, managing cost element, managing risks, managing human resources, managing time planning, control and scheduling, and managing quality to meet the desired standards (Lock, 2007, p. 78). Project integration, management communications, procurement processes, and quality are also key element in project management. Managing the project scope Project management plays a critical role in ensuring that the aims, goals and objectives of the project are clearly and articulately established. Many projects fail due to wrong or unclear goals and requirements. With unclear goals, project experiences problems, however, with wrong goals, projects fail spectacularly (Rusell 2007, p. 45). Scottish Parliament has clear and articulate goals and objectives but had no clear requirements. Scottish parliament changed requirements of that projects several times, for instance they increased functions of the building demanding for more size and space, these changes caused various difficulties to the project team causing budget

Employment Laws and HRM Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment Laws and HRM Strategy - Essay Example HRM strategy refers to a particular approach that is used in the management of human resources with the aim of providing a strategic framework to support short and long term strategies of an organization (Dessler, 2010). Employment law is one of the essential functional areas that provide organizations with the foundation for effective development of workforce that will support the organizational goals and objectives (Moran, 2007). In order to have a better understanding of the subject of employment laws and HRM strategy, this essay will apply the employment laws of the Virginia State to one of the HRM strategy problems. In particular, the essay will apply the employment laws of the Virginia State on the HRM strategy problem of introduction of new technology for employees who may experience physical limitations. The subject of physical limitations of employees is one of the most comprehensive in the employment laws in the United Constitution. This issue is covered under the Americans with Disability Act (ADA), as well as under the U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA) (Walsh, 2012). The ADA is designed to protect the rights of people with physical limitations including in the employment environment. This Act provides framework within which people with physical limitations can fully access and participate in all aspects of employment. It requires that employers should provide facilities and means through which employees with disability can access and participate in activities with as little difficulty as possible. The Act requires that the employer should do enough to remove the barriers that might deny people with disability with equal opportunity in accessing and using the facilities and services within an employment set up (Dessler, 2010). The provisions of the ADA are enforced by t he U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The employment laws related to this subject prohibits employers against discrimination of any kind to